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16.
From a Sudra spring in the inverse order (by females of the higher
castes) three base-born (sons, apasada), an Ayogava, a Kshatriya,
and a Kandala, the lowest of men;
17.
From a Vaisya are born in the inverse order of the castes a Magadha
and a Vaideha, but from a Kshatriya a Suta only; these are three
other base-born ones (apasada).
18.
The son of a Nishada by a Sudra female becomes a Pukkasa by caste
(gati), but the son of a Sudra by a Nishada female is declared to be
a Kukkutaka.
19.
Moreover, the son of by Kshattri by an Ugra female is called an
Svapaka; but one begotten by a Vaidehaka on an Ambashtha female is
named a Vena.
20.
Those (sons) whom the twice born beget on wives of equal caste, but
who, not fulfilling their sacred duties, are excluded from the
Savitri, one must designate by the appellation Vratyas.
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